生活中，常常提到螺栓、螺釘、螺絲等，那它們的區(qū)別是什么呢？
In life, bolts, screws, screws, etc. are often mentioned. What is the difference between them?
其實，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的說法是沒有螺絲和螺帽的。螺絲是俗稱，帶有外螺紋的都可稱為"螺絲"。 螺母的外形通常為六角形，內(nèi)孔為內(nèi)螺紋，用來與螺栓配合，把緊相關(guān)件。 螺帽是俗稱，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)稱"螺母"。 螺栓的頭部一般為六角形，桿部帶有外螺紋。 螺釘較小，頭部有平頭、十字頭等，桿部帶有外螺紋。 螺柱實際應(yīng)叫“雙頭螺柱”，兩頭均有外螺紋，中間一般是光桿。螺紋長的一端用來與深孔連接，短的一段與螺母連接。
In fact, the standard saying is that there are no screws and nuts. Screws are commonly known as "screws" with external threads. The shape of the nut is usually hexagonal, and the inner hole is internal thread, which is used to fit with the bolt and tighten the relevant parts. Nut is commonly known as "nut" in the standard. The head of the bolt is generally hexagonal, and the rod is provided with external thread. The screw is small, with flat head, crosshead, etc. on the head, and external thread on the rod. The stud should actually be called "double headed stud", both ends have external threads, and the middle is generally a smooth rod. The long end of the thread is used to connect with the deep hole, and the short section is connected with the nut.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)緊固件共分十二大類，選用時按緊固件的使用場合和其使用功能進(jìn)行確定。
Standard fasteners are divided into 12 categories, which shall be determined according to the application occasion and function of fasteners.
1、螺栓螺栓在機械制造中廣泛應(yīng)用于可拆連接，一般與螺母（通常再加上一個墊圈或兩個墊圈）配套使用。
1. Bolts are widely used for detachable connections in mechanical manufacturing, and are generally used together with nuts (usually plus one washer or two washers).
2、螺母、螺釘螺釘通常是單獨（有時加墊圈）使用，一般起緊固或緊定作用，應(yīng)擰入機體的內(nèi)螺紋。
2. Nuts and screws are usually used alone (sometimes with washers). They are generally used for fastening or tightening, and should be screwed into the internal thread of the machine body.
3、螺柱螺柱多用于連接被連接件之一厚度大，需使用結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊或因拆卸頻繁而不宜采用螺栓連接的地方。螺柱一般為兩端都帶有螺紋（單頭螺柱為單端帶螺紋），通常將一頭螺紋牢固擰入部件機體中，另一端與螺母相配，起連接和緊固的作用，但在很大程度上還具有定距的作用。
3. Studs are mostly used to connect one of the connected parts, which is thick and needs to be used where the structure is compact or bolt connection is not suitable due to frequent disassembly. Generally, both ends of the stud are threaded (single end stud is single end threaded). Usually, one end of the thread is firmly screwed into the component body, and the other end is matched with the nut to connect and fasten, but it also has the function of distance to a great extent.
4、木螺釘：木螺釘用于擰入木材，起連接或緊固作用。
4. Wood screw wood screw is used to screw in wood for connection or fastening.
5、自攻螺釘與自攻螺釘相配的工作螺孔不需預(yù)先攻絲，在擰入自攻螺釘?shù)耐瑫r，使內(nèi)螺紋成型。
5. The working screw hole matched with the self tapping screw does not need to be tapped in advance. While screwing in the self tapping screw, the internal thread is formed.
6、墊圈防松墊圈墊圈放在螺栓、螺釘和螺母等的支承面與工件支承面之間使用，起防松和減小支承面應(yīng)力的作用。
6. Washer lock washer the washer is used between the bearing surface of bolts, screws and nuts and the workpiece bearing surface to prevent looseness and reduce the stress on the bearing surface.
7、鎖緊墊圈、擋圈擋圈主要用來將零件在軸上或孔中定位、鎖緊或止退。
7. Lock washer and retaining ring are mainly used to position, lock or stop parts on the shaft or in the hole.
8、銷：銷通常用于定位，也可用于連接或鎖定零件，還可作為裝置中的過載剪斷元件。
8. Pins are usually used for positioning, connecting or locking parts, and as overload cutting elements in safety devices.
9、鉚釘：鉚釘一端有頭部，且桿部無螺紋。使用時將桿部插入被連接件的孔內(nèi)，然后將桿的端部鉚緊，起連接或緊固作用。
9. One end of the rivet has a head, and the rod has no thread. When in use, insert the rod into the hole of the connected part, and then rivet the end of the rod to connect or fasten.
10、連接副連接副即螺釘或螺栓或自攻螺釘和墊圈的組合。墊圈裝于螺釘后，必須能在螺釘（或螺栓）上自由轉(zhuǎn)動而不脫落。主要起緊固或緊定作用。
10. The connecting pair is a combination of screws or bolts or self tapping screws and washers. After the washer is installed on the screw, it must be able to rotate freely on the screw (or bolt) without falling off. It is mainly used for fastening or fixing.
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