作業(yè)準(zhǔn)備
Operation preparation
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選擇螺栓并配套
Select bolts and match them
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接頭組裝
Joint assembly
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安裝臨時(shí)螺栓
Install temporary bolts
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安裝高強(qiáng)螺栓
Install high-strength bolts
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高強(qiáng)螺栓緊固
High-strength bolt fastening
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檢查驗(yàn)收
Inspection and acceptance
3.2 螺栓長(zhǎng)度的選擇：扭剪型高強(qiáng)螺栓的長(zhǎng)度為螺栓頭根部螺栓梅花卡頭切口處的長(zhǎng)度。選用螺栓的長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)為緊固連接板厚度加上一個(gè)螺母和一個(gè)墊圈的厚度，并且緊固后要露出不少于兩扣螺紋的余長(zhǎng)，一般按連接板厚加表5-2中的增加長(zhǎng)度，并取5mm的整倍數(shù)。
3.2 Selection of bolt length: the length of torsional shear high-strength bolt is the length from the root of bolt head to the cut of bolt plum clamp head. The length of the selected bolt shall be the thickness of the fastening connecting plate plus the thickness of a nut and a washer, and after fastening, the excess length of not less than two threads shall be exposed. Generally, the thickness of the connecting plate plus the increased length in Table 5-2 shall be taken as an integral multiple of 5mm.
表
surface
螺栓公稱直徑
Nominal diameter of bolt
增加長(zhǎng)度
Increase length
3.3 接頭組裝：
3.3 Joint assembly:
3.3.1 連接處的鋼板或型鋼應(yīng)平整，板邊、孔邊無毛刺；接頭處有翹曲、變形必須進(jìn)行校正，并防止損傷摩擦面，保證摩擦面緊貼。
3.3.1 The steel plate or section steel at the connection shall be flat, and the plate edge and hole edge shall be free of burrs; Warpage and deformation at the joint must be corrected to prevent damage to the friction surface and ensure that the friction surface is tight.
3.3.2 裝配前檢查摩擦面，試件的摩擦系數(shù)是否達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求，浮銹用鋼絲刷除掉，油污、油漆干凈。
3.3.2 Before assembly, check the friction surface, whether the friction coefficient of the test piece meets the design requirements, remove the floating rust with a wire brush, and remove the oil stain and paint.
3.3.3 板疊接觸面間應(yīng)平整，當(dāng)接觸有間隙時(shí)，應(yīng)按規(guī)定處理，見表5-3。
3.3.3 The contact surfaces of the stack shall be flat. When there is a gap in the contact, it shall be treated according to the regulations, see Table 5-3.
表
surface
間隙大小
Gap size
處 理 方 法
Treatment method
1mm以下
Less than 1mm
不作處理
No treatment
3mm以下
Less than 3mm
將高出的一側(cè)磨成1∶10斜面打磨方面應(yīng)與受力方面垂直
Grind the higher side into a 1:10 inclined plane, and the grinding shall be perpendicular to the stress
3mm以上
More than 3mm
加墊板，墊板兩面摩擦面處理方法與構(gòu)件相同
Add a base plate, and the treatment method of the friction surface on both sides of the base plate is the same as that of the component
3.4 安裝臨時(shí)螺栓：連接處采用臨時(shí)螺栓固定，其螺栓個(gè)數(shù)為接頭螺栓總數(shù)的1/3以上；并每個(gè)接頭不少于兩個(gè)，沖釘穿入數(shù)量不宜多于臨時(shí)螺栓的30%。組裝時(shí)先用沖釘對(duì)準(zhǔn)孔位，在適當(dāng)位置插入臨時(shí)螺栓，用扳手?jǐn)Q緊。不準(zhǔn)用高強(qiáng)螺栓兼作臨時(shí)螺栓，以防螺紋損傷。
3.4 Installation of temporary bolts: the connection shall be fixed with temporary bolts, and the number of bolts shall be more than 1/3 of the total number of joint bolts; Each joint shall not be less than two, and the number of punched nails shall not be more than 30% of the temporary bolts. During assembly, align the hole position with the punch, insert the temporary bolt at the appropriate position, and tighten it with a wrench. It is not allowed to use high-strength bolts as temporary bolts to prevent thread damage.
3.5 安裝高強(qiáng)螺栓：
3.5 Installation of high-strength bolts:
3.5.1 安裝時(shí)高強(qiáng)螺栓應(yīng)自由穿入孔內(nèi)，不得強(qiáng)行敲打。扭剪型高強(qiáng)螺栓的墊圈安在螺母一側(cè)，墊圈孔有倒角的一側(cè)應(yīng)和螺母接觸，不得裝反（大六角頭、高強(qiáng)螺栓的墊圈應(yīng)安裝在螺栓頭一側(cè)和螺母一側(cè)，墊圈孔有倒角一側(cè)應(yīng)和螺栓頭接觸，不得裝反）。
3.5.1 High-strength bolts shall be freely penetrated into the hole during installation and shall not be forcibly knocked. The washer of torsional shear type high-strength bolt shall be installed on the side of the nut, and the chamfered side of the washer hole shall contact the nut, and shall not be installed reversely (the washer of large hexagon head and high-strength bolt shall be installed on the side of the bolt head and the nut, and the chamfered side of the washer hole shall contact the bolt head, and shall not be installed reversely).
3.5.2 螺栓不能自由穿入時(shí)，不得用氣割擴(kuò)孔，要用絞刀絞孔，修孔時(shí)需使板層緊貼，以防鐵屑進(jìn)入板縫，絞孔后要用砂輪機(jī)孔邊毛刺，并鐵屑。
3.5.2 When the bolt cannot penetrate freely, it is not allowed to use gas cutting to enlarge the hole, and it is required to use a reamer to ream the hole. When repairing the hole, it is necessary to make the plate layer close to prevent the iron chips from entering the plate joint. After reaming, it is necessary to use a grinder to remove the burr at the hole edge and remove the iron chips.
3.5.3 螺栓穿入方向宜一致，穿入高強(qiáng)螺栓用扳手緊固后，再卸下臨時(shí)螺栓，以高強(qiáng)螺栓替換。不得在雨天安裝高強(qiáng)螺栓，且摩擦面應(yīng)處于干燥狀態(tài)。
3.5.3 The penetration direction of bolts should be consistent. After the high-strength bolts are tightened with a wrench, the temporary bolts should be removed and replaced with high-strength bolts. High-strength bolts shall not be installed in rainy days, and the friction surface shall be dry.
3.6 高強(qiáng)螺栓的緊固：必須分兩次進(jìn)行，次為初擰。初擰緊固到螺栓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軸力（即設(shè)計(jì)預(yù)拉力）的60%～80%，初擰的扭矩值不得小于終擰扭矩值的30%。第二次緊固為終擰，終擰時(shí)扭剪型高強(qiáng)螺栓應(yīng)將梅花卡頭擰掉。為使螺栓群中所有螺栓均勻受力，初擰、終擰都應(yīng)按一定順序進(jìn)行。
3.6 Fastening of high-strength bolts: it must be carried out in two times, the first time is the initial tightening. The initial tightening shall be tightened to 60%~80% of the standard axial force of the bolt (i.e. the design pretension), and the torque value of the initial tightening shall not be less than 30% of the final tightening torque value. The second tightening is the final tightening. When the final tightening, the torsion-shear high-strength bolt should be screwed off the Torx clamp. In order to make all bolts in the bolt group uniformly stressed, the initial and final tightening should be carried out in a certain sequence.
3.6.1 一般接頭：應(yīng)從螺栓群中間順序向外側(cè)進(jìn)行緊固。
3.6.1 General joints: tighten from the middle to the outside of the bolt group.
3.6.2 從接頭剛度大的地方向不受約束的自由端進(jìn)行。
3.6.2 From the place with large joint stiffness to the free end without restraint.
3.6.3 從螺栓群向四周擴(kuò)散的方式進(jìn)行。
3.6.3 Spread from the center of the bolt group to the surrounding.
初擰扳手應(yīng)是可以控制扭矩的，初擰完畢的螺栓，應(yīng)做好標(biāo)記以供確認(rèn)。為防止漏擰，當(dāng)天安裝的高強(qiáng)螺栓，當(dāng)天應(yīng)終擰完畢。
The initial tightening wrench shall be able to control the torque. The bolts after initial tightening shall be marked for confirmation. In order to prevent missing tightening, the high-strength bolts installed on the same day should be finally tightened on the same day.
終擰應(yīng)采用專用的電動(dòng)扳手，如個(gè)別作業(yè)有困難的地方，也可以采用手動(dòng)扭矩扳手進(jìn)行，終擰扭矩須按設(shè)計(jì)要求進(jìn)行。用電動(dòng)扳手時(shí)，螺栓尾部卡頭擰斷后即表明終擰完畢，檢查外露絲扣不得少于2扣，斷下來的卡頭應(yīng)放入工具袋內(nèi)收集在一起，防止從高空墜落造成事故。
Special electric wrench shall be used for final tightening. If individual operations are difficult, manual torque wrench can also be used. Final tightening torque shall be carried out according to design requirements. When using an electric wrench, the final screwing is completed after the bolt tail clamp is broken. Check that the exposed threads are not less than 2 threads. The broken clamp should be put into a tool bag and collected together to prevent safety accidents caused by falling from height.
3.7 檢查驗(yàn)收：
3.7 Inspection and acceptance:
3.7.1 扭剪型高強(qiáng)螺栓應(yīng)全部擰掉尾部梅花卡頭為終擰結(jié)束，不準(zhǔn)遺漏。
3.7.1 Torsional shear type high-strength bolts shall be completely screwed off at the end of the final screwing, without omission.
3.7.2 個(gè)別不能用專用扳手操作時(shí)，扭剪型高強(qiáng)螺栓應(yīng)按大六角頭高強(qiáng)螺栓用扭矩法施工。終擰結(jié)束后，檢查漏擰、欠擰宜用0.3～0.5kg重的小錘逐個(gè)敲檢，如發(fā)現(xiàn)有欠擰、漏擰應(yīng)補(bǔ)擰；超擰應(yīng)更換。檢查時(shí)應(yīng)將螺母回退30°～50°，再擰原位，測(cè)定終擰扭矩值，其偏差不得大于±10%，已終擰合格的做出標(biāo)記。
3.7.2 When some special wrenches cannot be used for operation, torsion shear high-strength bolts shall be constructed by torque method according to the large hexagon high-strength bolts. After the final tightening, check the missing and under-tightening one by one with a small hammer weighing 0.3~0.5kg. If there is any under-tightening or under-tightening, make up; Over-tightening should be replaced. During the inspection, the nut shall be backed back 30 °~50 °, and then screwed to the original position. The final tightening torque value shall be measured. The deviation shall not be greater than ± 10%. The qualified final tightening shall be marked.
3.7.3 做好高強(qiáng)螺栓檢查記錄，經(jīng)整理后歸入技術(shù)檔案。
3.7.3 Make inspection records of high-strength bolts and put them into technical archives after sorting.
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